As children with intellectual disabilities grow older, the safety nets that supported them—such as special education services, child SSI, or dependent benefits—often come to an end. This transition can leave families uncertain about how to secure continued financial support. Fortunately, Supplemental Security Income (SSI) may be available to adult children with disabilities, even after they “age out” of childhood programs.
Here’s how to establish SSI eligibility for an adult child and what documentation is needed to build a strong claim.
What Happens When Childhood Benefits End?
Most childhood disability-related support systems end at age 18, including:
- Special education under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
- Child-based SSI benefits (subject to parental income rules)
- Medicaid eligibility linked to childhood SSI
When a child turns 18, the Social Security Administration (SSA) reevaluates their eligibility for benefits using adult disability standards. This process is known as the Age-18 Redetermination or, in some cases, a new application under the adult criteria.
SSI Eligibility for Adults With Intellectual Disabilities
To qualify for SSI as an adult, the individual must meet both medical and financial criteria:
Financial Requirements
- The adult must have limited income and assets
- Parental income is no longer considered after age 18
- Monthly income must fall below the federal benefit rate (with some exceptions)
Medical Requirements
SSA evaluates intellectual disabilities under Listing 12.05. The criteria include:
- A documented intellectual disability that began before age 22
- IQ scores and functional limitations consistent with significantly subaverage intellectual functioning
- Limitations in areas such as:
- Understanding and applying information
- Interacting with others
- Concentrating or persisting in tasks
- Managing oneself independently
How to Build a Strong SSI Application
1. Gather Educational and Psychological Records
School records are often the best starting point for proving intellectual disability. Collect:
- Individualized Education Programs (IEPs)
- Psychoeducational evaluations
- IQ test results
- Notes from special education teachers or aides
These records help show the condition was present before age 22 and impacted multiple areas of functioning.
2. Obtain Adult Medical Evaluations
If the applicant hasn’t been evaluated recently, seek updated assessments from a:
- Psychologist or neuropsychologist
- Developmental disability specialist
- Psychiatrist (if there are co-occurring conditions)
SSA may also schedule a consultative exam, which is a government-ordered evaluation to assess current functioning.
3. Demonstrate Functional Limitations
Focus on how the intellectual disability limits the person’s ability to:
- Live independently (cook, clean, manage money)
- Maintain employment
- Navigate transportation or public settings safely
- Follow directions or communicate effectively
This real-world impact matters as much as test scores when SSA makes its decision.
4. Provide Statements from Caregivers
SSA values input from people who know the applicant best. Consider submitting written statements from:
- Parents or guardians
- Teachers or job coaches
- Social workers or support staff
These letters can illustrate how the disability affects daily life and confirm the need for continued support.
What If the Claim Is Denied?
It’s not uncommon for adult SSI applications to be denied on the first attempt. If that happens:
- File an appeal within 60 days
- Submit any missing documentation
- Consider working with a disability attorney to help with the hearing process
Let Us Help Your Family Through the Transition
The shift from childhood to adult disability benefits can feel overwhelming—but SSI may provide the stability your family needs. At PLBH, we’ve helped many families successfully navigate this process and secure the benefits their loved ones deserve.
Call (800) 435-7542 today to speak with an experienced advocate. We’ll guide you through every step of the SSI application process for your adult child with intellectual disabilities.